Virginia is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including several species of snakes. While many snakes are harmless and even beneficial for controlling pests, the presence of venomous species on or near your property can pose potential risks. With approximately 150-200 snake bites reported in Virginia each year, it’s essential for homeowners to stay informed about these creatures, their behavior, and how to prevent unwanted encounters.
This blog will help you identify venomous snakes in Virginia, understand their behavior, and implement effective snake prevention tips to keep your property safe.
Identifying Venomous Snakes in Virginia
Virginia is home to three venomous snake species, and learning to recognize them is crucial for keeping yourself and your family safe.
Northern Copperhead
- Appearance: Copperheads have a distinctive light brown or tan body with hourglass-shaped bands of darker brown. Their heads are triangular and copper-colored, hence their name.
- Habitat: They favor wooded areas, rocky terrain, and places with plenty of leaf litter. Around homes, they may hide in woodpiles, tall grass, or garden beds.
- Behavior: Copperheads are generally shy and will only bite when provoked. Unfortunately, they account for over 90% of venomous snake bites in Virginia, mostly due to accidental encounters.
Timber Rattlesnake
- Appearance: Timber rattlesnakes have a heavy body with dark chevron-shaped patterns along a lighter background, ranging from yellow to gray. They are easily recognized by the rattle at the end of their tail.
- Habitat: Found in mountainous regions, forests, and occasionally near rural homes. They prefer areas with rocky crevices for shelter.
- Behavior: While reclusive, they will defend themselves if threatened. Their rattle serves as a warning signal to stay away.
Cottonmouth (Water Moccasin)
- Appearance: Cottonmouths are usually thick-bodied with dark brown or black coloring and faint patterns. Their signature feature is the white interior of their mouth, displayed in a defensive posture.
- Habitat: These snakes are most common in wetlands, near rivers, lakes, and marshes. They may also venture near residential areas with water features.
- Behavior: They can appear aggressive but tend to avoid contact with humans unless cornered.
Understanding Snake Behavior
Why Snakes Enter Properties
Snakes often find their way onto properties because they are searching for food, water, or shelter. Factors that may attract them include:
- Food: Rodents, insects, and even other small animals tend to lure snakes closer to homes.
- Water: Ponds, birdbaths, or areas with standing water are attractive to snakes, especially species like the cottonmouth.
- Shelter: Overgrown vegetation, woodpiles, and crevices in structures provide the perfect hiding spots.
Common Misconceptions About Snakes
Myth: “Snakes actively attack humans.”
Truth: Snakes are defensive by nature; they only bite or strike as a last resort.
Myth: “Killing snakes is the best way to handle them.”
Truth: Many snakes are protected, and they play a vital role in pest control. It’s best to safely remove venomous species rather than harm them.
Prevention and Safety Measures
Landscaping Tips
- Keep grass trimmed and weeds under control to reduce hiding spots.
- Remove woodpiles, rocks, and other debris near your house.
- Ensure proper tree and shrub pruning, creating a less appealing environment for snakes.
Waste Disposal and Water Management
- Store trash in sealed bins to discourage rodents (a primary food source for snakes).
- Eliminate standing water and repair leaks in outdoor plumbing.
- Remove fallen fruits and birdseed, as these attract small prey that snakes feed on.
Snake Repellents and Barriers
- Consider using a non-toxic snake repellent, ensuring they’re safe for use around children and pets.
- Install snake-proof fencing around your property, especially in areas prone to infestations.
Learn More About Snake Removal and Control
First Aid and Emergency Procedures
What to Do in Case of a Snake Bite
If you or someone else is bitten by a venomous snake, take the following steps immediately:
- Stay Calm: Panic increases heart rate, speeding up venom circulation.
- Call 911 or head to the nearest emergency room.
- Immobilize the Affected Area: Keep the bite below heart level to slow venom spread.
- Avoid Common Mistakes: Do not attempt to suck out the venom, apply ice, or use a tourniquet. These could worsen the situation.
Seek Professional Medical Attention
Prompt treatment with antivenom or other medical interventions minimizes complications and speeds recovery. Knowing the snake species can help, but don’t endanger yourself trying to capture it.
Dealing With a Snake Infestation
What to Do if You Have a Snake Problem
- Stay Safe: Do not attempt to handle venomous snakes on your own.
- Block Entry Points: Seal cracks and gaps around doors, windows, and the foundation of your home.
- Call a Licensed Service: Contact a professional wildlife removal service to safely and humanely remove snakes from your property.
Local Regulations in Virginia
The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (VDWR) has specific laws governing snake removal, which include:
- Humane Treatment: Snakes must not be harmed unnecessarily.
- Restrictions on Relocation: Relocating certain species requires permits to prevent ecological disruption.
- Licensed Professionals: Only certified wildlife control companies can handle snake removal for residential properties.
FAQS About Venomous Snakes in Virginia
Where do copperheads live in Virginia?
Copperheads in Virginia are commonly found in forests, rocky areas, and near streams or rivers. They are widespread throughout the state.
Are water snakes in Virginia poisonous?
Water snakes in Virginia are not poisonous. While some may resemble venomous snakes, such as cottonmouths, water snakes are non-venomous.
Is killing snakes illegal in Virginia?
It is illegal to kill snakes in Virginia unless they pose an immediate threat to humans, pets, or livestock, as they are a protected species under state law.
Where are cottonmouths found in Virginia?
Cottonmouths, also known as water moccasins, are primarily found in the southeastern region of Virginia, especially in swamps, marshes, and wetlands.
Take Back Control of Your Property
Venomous snakes are a natural part of Virginia’s ecosystem, but they don’t need to take over your property. By understanding how to identify them, implementing snake prevention tips, and reaching out for professional wildlife removal services when necessary, you can create a safer home environment for your family.
If you’re concerned about a snake infestation or simply want to protect your property, schedule a snake removal service with Virginia Wildlife Pros today. We’ll handle the snakes so you can have peace of mind.
Related Post: A Comprehensive Guide to Snake Control in Virginia